An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Fame, Kingship, Fate and God in Beowulf :: Epic Beowulf essays

Fame, Kingship, Fate and God in Beowulf   The Anglo-Saxons were a people who lived in and ruled England from the fifth century AD until the Norman Conquest. They were a people who precious courage and leadership. They lived under kings who were keepers of gold and were guarded by their loyal thanes (knights). They were a Pagan culture until the Normandy conquistadors came. They believed in fate and believed the only way to live incessantly was if you had fame. In the Anglo-Saxon script, Beowulf, there was a combination of many different people. The characters in Beowulf are defined by their status. Their status was in form of their fame and accomplishments. Beowulf was a very famous warrior, who sails to the Danes to kill a monster who is murdering their people. Beowulf kills Grendal, Grendals mother and a dragon throughout the entirety of the story. Every time he receives to a greater extent fame and more glory. Beowulf became a king. He was a great king who rece ived honor and loyalty from his men. Although, during the fight with the dragon Beowulfs men run away and as a result Beowulf dies. The book claims that Beowulf had fate against him in his last battle against the dragon, but also says that Beowulf had Christian morals. By having two conflicting religions (paganism and Christianity) it makes the story more interesting. This book is composed of four main characteristics fame, kingship, fate, and God, which play very important roles throughout the book.   In Beowulf the Anglo-Saxons longed for fame. To them fame meant immortality. For example, the narrator says, But Beowulf longing only for fame, leaped into battle (Raffel 1529). To Beowulf the only curtilage to risk his life is a battle, is so he can have his moments of fame, hence immortality. Even if a character gains fame, they will always be struggle to receive more. After Beowulf becomes king one of his servants says, Beloved Beowulf, remember how you boasted, o nce, that nothing in the world would ever destroy your fame you fight to keep in now, be strong and brave, my noble king, protecting life and fame together (2586). So even though Beowulf had fame, he had to keep fighting and being successful in exhibition to protect and keep his fame.

David Copperfield by Charles Dickens Essay -- English Literature

David Copperfield by Charles DickensDavid Copperfield charts a unretentive boys wretched childhood and hisprogress to a successful novelist and his purpose true love along theway. The author made a romantic effort to be realistic and thuscaptured the essence of all parts of kind-hearted life in the pages of thisbook. David Copperfield is the main character of the novel, but he isnot the hero of the novel.David, a fatherless child born in a little village in VictorianEngland is deeply attached to his mother and his nurse Peggotty. Hisworld turns upside down when his mother marries a man by the advert ofMurdstone. The pain that his stepfather and his murdering woman of asister inflict upon David leads to his untimely loss of innocence.David is sent to Salem House a school where he is forced to standunder the brutal regime of Mr. Creakle. Soon he loses his belovedmother and is provided for by his stepfather to work as a labourerat a store in London. David feels his hopes of growin g up to be alearned and distinguished man crushed in his bosom. Disguste...

Gender Relations and Inequality in India Essay -- female feticide, unf

Gender relations and inequality is experienced through lack of educational matters and unfair intervention of women and children, thus in many cases forcing women to run households, while the men are away at work in various seasonal migration jobs at unviable wages. As defined in a classic article, income inequality is the distribution of total income amongst the represented population (Gehring13). In outlined studies evidence can conclude that ugly gender relations in fact can be convoluted into other issues such as overpopulation, child malnourishment, low levels of GDP, and GNI. This in fact sounds to be true for what India is experiencing today. The predominant issue of gender inequality has led many down the pathway to poverty and what may be considered to many as the victimized Sector. The exploited and primary sector in modern day India, which most are subject to, is facing many challenging issues such as long working hours, low wages, and no benefits which contributes to the inequality standards. The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS), reports that the exploited sector Is the very lowest earning in all countries which in fact is found more often than not in India, as many workers have trekked to the Southern region of India. The workers make under(a) minimum wage daily contributing to the lower standards of growth and overpopulation numbers. Workers are also subject to work extremely long hours outside for next to naught where they are, what Dejanvry may term the Traditional Sector. Indias temperature is accurate for its often at times above 100 degrees during the day and cooler at night making this a great deal of hardship. The workers at time often are subject to work extrem... ...ube, R., & Bhatnagar, R. (1999). Women without Choice Female Infanticide and the Rhetoric of Overpopulation in Postcolonial India. Womens Studies Quarterly, 27(1), 2nd ser., 73-86.Gehring, Keith. Economic Growth and Income Inequa lity in India. N.p., June 2006. Web.Jacobs, S. (2010). Structures and processes Land, families, and gender relations. Gender and Development, 35-42.Kingdon, G. G. (2007). The progress of school education in India. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23(2), 168-195. doi 10.1093/oxrep/grm015 signalize R. Rosenzweig, M., & Stark, O. (1989). Consumption Smoothing, Migration, and Marriage Evidence from Rural India. Chicago Journals, 97(4), 905-926.Raj, Anita. Gender Equity and Universal Health Coverage in India. The Lancet 377.9766 (2011) 618-19. Print.The World Bank. India. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 April. 2014.

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay -- essays research papers

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeJekyll does deserve his final miserable hatful because he commits several egoistical deeds to the point where he brings his miserable fate upon himself. In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson uses Jekyll to give how man prioritizes by putting himself over others. Throughout the book, Jekylls two different sides are used to show that man is systematically selfish and go away usually think of himself before others. Even though Jekyll has a good side and an evil side, both sides of him are selfish. Jekyll originally takes the potion for selfish reasons, Jekyll uses Hyde to conquer his take evil temptations, and in the end Jekyll gives into Hyde and completely gives up.Jekyll originally taking the potion can be conveyed as a selfish act because he mainly took the potion to service himself. Jekyll said he took the potion so he could become recognized for his good deeds, even though he was well respected by his peers he cherished more recognition from the public, he wanted to be famous for his deeds and become well known among the public. Jekyll says, fond of the respect of the flip and good among my fellowmen...And and then the worst of my faults was a certain impatient gaiety of disposition, such as has made the happiness of many, but such as I found to manufacture with my imperious desire to carry my head high, and wear a more commonly grave countenance before the public. (Page 103). Jekyll ... Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay -- essays look for papers Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeJekyll does deserve his final miserable fate because he commits several selfish deeds to the point where he brings his miserable fate upon himself. In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson uses Jekyll to represent how man prioritizes by putting himself over others. Throughout the book, Jekylls two different sides are used to show that man is consistently selfish and will usually think of himself before others. Even though J ekyll has a good side and an evil side, both sides of him are selfish. Jekyll originally takes the potion for selfish reasons, Jekyll uses Hyde to conquer his own evil temptations, and in the end Jekyll gives into Hyde and completely gives up.Jekyll originally taking the potion can be conveyed as a selfish act because he mainly took the potion to benefit himself. Jekyll said he took the potion so he could become recognized for his good deeds, even though he was well respected by his peers he wanted more recognition from the public, he wanted to be famous for his deeds and become well known among the public. Jekyll says, fond of the respect of the wise and good among my fellowmen...And indeed the worst of my faults was a certain impatient gaiety of disposition, such as has made the happiness of many, but such as I found to reconcile with my imperious desire to carry my head high, and wear a more commonly grave countenance before the public. (Page 103). Jekyll ...

The Cause Of The Civil War: Eli Whitneys Cotton Gin Essay -- essays re

During the period between 1790 and 1850, the United States was rapidly changing. It was now a separate country with its own economy, laws, and government. The country was learning to live on its own, apart from England. There began to appear a rift between North and South. The North believing in the Puritan Merchant role model, and the South in the role model of the English Country Squire. The North traded with everyone, while the South traded primarily with England. The major crop in the South was tobacco, and because of the decline in the impairment of tobacco the slave trade was anxious(p), just as those in the North hoped it would. Then came a man, and an invention, which changed the course of history. In 1792, Eli Whitney visited the plantation of Catherine Greene, the wife of Revolutionary state of warfare general, Nathaniel Greene, near Savannah Georgia. He watched cotton being cleaned a very long and time consuming process to do by hand. Watching the cotton being cleaned an idea came to Whitney. He decided he would build a machine that would clean cotton faster than it could be done by hand. Thus, he created the cotton gin.This invention changed the way the South functioned, and the ripple effect it created changed the course of history forever. The ripple effect caused by Eli Whitneys cotton gin drop be seen as the driving force behind many of the conflicts between North and South, and eventually culminating in the Civil War. Before Eli Whitneys invention, slavery was dying in the South. The price of tobacco had plummeted, and planters were freeing slaves because of the high cost of feeding, housing and clothing them. When Eli Whitney introduced his invention the cotton market exploded. Cotton began to be grown in enormous quantities because it was good for making clothes, and with the invention of the cotton gin easier to produce. This explosion in the growth of the cotton market rejuvenated the slave trade. This time, though, the slave trade wa s non between the U.S. and Africa, but instead between the Old South, and the New South. The Old South began to breed slaves to sell to the cotton farmers in the New South. These farmers needed heavy(a) numbers of slaves because once the cotton was ripe, it needed to be picked quickly. The price of slaves skyrocketed, and this new crop ensured the practice of slavery would continue. This continuati... ...in slavery breathing new life into the South, and in the country economy as a whole. With this rejuvenation came problems between North and South over moral differences. These differences created a rift that widened until sectionalism overtook nationalism. This rift was temporarily closed several times but ultimately the differences between North and South were so ingrained in their respective culture that it took a war to change. The wide and far-reaching effects of this event can be viewed as a pond, the country, when a pebble is thrown into it the ripples become larger and lar ger until they come in clashing with something that can stop them. As the proverb says, A butterfly that flaps its wings in China can cause a hurricane in Kansas.BibliographyEli Whitney Museum. establishment Page. 3 December 2000Green, Constance. Eli Whitney and the Birth of American Technology. Harper-Collins College Division, 1995.Hays, Wilma Pitchford. Eli Whitney and the Machine Age. Franklin Watts, 1959.Wilson, Mitchell. American Science and Invention A Pictoral History. Simon and Shuster, New York, 1954.

The Cause Of The Civil War: Eli Whitneys Cotton Gin Essay -- essays re

During the period between 1790 and 1850, the United States was rapidly chan divideg. It was now a separate country with its own economy, laws, and government. The country was learning to persist on its own, apart from England. There began to appear a severance between North and confederation. The North believing in the Puritan Merchant role model, and the South in the role model of the English Country Squire. The North trade ind with everyone, while the South traded primarily with England. The major crop in the South was tobacco, and because of the decline in the price of tobacco the slave trade was dying, just as those in the North hoped it would. Then came a man, and an invention, which changed the course of history. In 1792, Eli Whitney visited the plantation of Catherine Greene, the wife of radical War general, Nathaniel Greene, near Savannah Georgia. He watched cotton being cleaned a very long and time consuming process to do by hand. ceremonial occasion the cotton being cleaned an idea came to Whitney. He decided he would build a machine that would clean cotton faster than it could be done by hand. Thus, he created the cotton gin.This invention changed the way the South functioned, and the ripple effect it created changed the course of history forever. The ripple effect caused by Eli Whitneys cotton gin can be seen as the driving force behind many of the conflicts between North and South, and eventually culminating in the Civil War. Before Eli Whitneys invention, slavery was dying in the South. The price of tobacco had plummeted, and planters were freeing slaves because of the high cost of feeding, housing and clothing them. When Eli Whitney introduced his invention the cotton market exploded. Cotton began to be bad in enormous quantities because it was good for making clothes, and with the invention of the cotton gin easier to produce. This explosion in the growth of the cotton market rejuvenated the slave trade. This time, though, the slave tra de was not between the U.S. and Africa, but instead between the Old South, and the New South. The Old South began to breed slaves to sell to the cotton farmers in the New South. These farmers needed large numbers of slaves because once the cotton was ripe, it needed to be picked quickly. The price of slaves skyrocketed, and this new crop ensured the practice of slavery would continue. This continuati... ...in slavery breathing new aliveness into the South, and in the country economy as a whole. With this rejuvenation came problems between North and South over moral differences. These differences created a rift that widened until sectionalism overtook nationalism. This rift was temporarily closed several times but ultimately the differences between North and South were so ingrained in their respective culture that it took a war to change. The wide and far-reaching effects of this event can be viewed as a pond, the country, when a pebble is thrown into it the ripples become larger and larger until they come in contact with something that can stop them. As the proverb says, A butterfly that flaps its wings in China can cause a hurricane in Kansas.BibliographyEli Whitney Museum. Organization Page. 3 December 2000Green, Constance. Eli Whitney and the Birth of American Technology. Harper-Collins College Division, 1995.Hays, Wilma Pitchford. Eli Whitney and the Machine Age. Franklin Watts, 1959.Wilson, Mitchell. American Science and Invention A Pictoral History. Simon and Shuster, New York, 1954.

Geely Company Analysis

Geely Company Analysis When globalization becomes a circumstance, umteen companies canvass to open air oversea market. Here, wed like to take a look at a Chinese hugger-mugger-own automobile corporation Geely. As chinas top car maker, Geely abstracted the worlds eyes upstartly. In 2004, Geely plans to export 5,000 vehicles to the Middle East, South the States and North Africa after shipping 1,000 cars to Syria in the fourth quarter of 2003 at US$4,000-$6,000 each. This year, Geely wants to open US market.But with many strong competiters in car manufactory in US, with weak constitution around chinese product, How does Geely interpret an appropriate approach to develop its business? This paper will try to find the answer. First, we will introduce Geely background to table service reader know its history and present situation. Then we will do SWOT analysis and Entry panache comparison toward its current status to find a bump approach for Geely to enter in US. We will cover ch apter 4 and chapter 14 in this paper. Company opportunityAlthough its hard for a new automotive manufactor enter in US market, which is roughly saturated and full of strong competitors, Geely hush has its own advantages and oppotunities. Its super-low price becomes a brick to knock the penetration of US low end vehicles market. Some other famous and successful brand bulid a levelheaded model for Geely in car image, design etcetera Also, US market is huge and American people moderate a high consumption, if Geely can catch the oppotunities, the chance to success will be great. Now, allows take a look at its caller-up background. Company backgroundGeely automobile company was found on March, 1997 in Zhe Jiang China. It is a private own automobile company. The registered capital of this company is RMB 20 million. In 2001, Geely automobile became the first approved private company in terms of automobile patch up in mainland China. The chairman of the company is Li Shu Fu. He has good relationships with the Chinese government leaders and Zhe Jiang province government leaders. China has high economic growth rates since 1980s. Many Chinese people make a lot of money either year. Most of them want to own cars or need cars for many easons. So the Chinese car market become bigger and bigger. It provides a good opportunity to Li Shu Fu and his employees to realize their dream Make the best Cars, routine People Can Afford. Geely automobile company hires many workers to produce different styles cars in Zhe Jiang province and operates big business in mainland China, Middle East, southern America and Africa. The operation of the company can affect the economic growth of Zhe Jiang province. So, Geely automobile company always gets support from the Zhe Jiang province government.Gerry automobile company is focusing on low-income market in mainland China. In the first half of 2003, Geely Company produced 34360 units of cars and renews the lowest prices of its products in the automobile industry, so the company shared 3. 84% of the total Chinese car market. At the same, the company made technical cooperation agreement with German Rucker Company. The cooperation agreement helps Geely automobile to improve its products quality quickly. This company gets success in domestic market after its first car launched away in Linhai City Zhejiang Province.On June, 2003, the one hundred thousand Geely care launched off in Zhejiang Province. This company has import & export license and the ISO 9001 quality system certification, so it is very easy for the company to export its products to other countries. Gerry Company tries to enter in transnational market since its foundation. The company sells its products or establishes extensive trading relationship in different countries and areas since 2003. It seems to get success in Middle East, Southern American and Africa because the company exports openhanded quantities of products to those areas per year.This c ompany is looking for the opportunities to enter the U. S. market now. S. W. O. T Analysis Since we have assumed that Geely has its potential to open the automobile market in American, therefore the next step is to analyze the company and automobile industry environment. One of tools is provided by our text book called S. W. O. T analysis which stands for potentialitys, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (Sulivan, 2002). * Strength A strength could be defined as something a company is good at doing or a characteristic that gives it enhanced competitiveness. It may include aluable physical and/or human as castigates, an handment or attri ande that takes the company in a position of market advantage, alliances or cooperative ventures, and so on(Thompson & Strickland, 2001, p117). For Geely Automobile Company, low terms of physical and/or human assets is one of the major strengths. As we know, although Chinese labor personify is non the lowest in the world, its cost is still often lower than lots of industrialized countries. Besides, the average cost of raw materials, plant, and land is also cheaper than some western countries. Moreover, Geely does not only have low cost labor but also has lots of valuable human assets.In 2003, Geely recuited some experienced managers into their team including former the General Manager of SAIC Volkswagen, Vice hot seat of FAW Volkswagen Group, President of Dongfeng Automobile Institute Research, Chief Representative of German BMW and General Manager of China region after service company of Benz Company. These lower-cost advantages make Geely achieve its low price strategy among other competitors. On May, 2003, Geely sparkplug automobile popularization and renovate the newest and lowest price of automobile in the automobile industry.For instance, Geely makes some low-priced sedans. One of those is under the brand name, Haoqing minicar which is the cheapest on the Chinese market, at just 32,000 yuan which converts to $ 3,867 U. S. dollars. Some companys alliances or cooperative ventures also clear up its strength. On Dec. , 2002, Geely made contracts with Daewoo International Co. , Ltd and Maggiora S. p. A, a famous Italy automobile project group with respectively to develop CK-1 and CI-1 automobile project. On June,2003, Geely made a technical cooperation agreement with German Rucker Company. * WeaknessA weakness is defined as something a company inadequacys or does poorly or a take aim that makes the company at a disadvantage. A weakness may include lack of financial support, poor brand image or reputation and so on (Thompson & Strickland, 2001, p117). As we mentioned that Geely is a private owned company in our company background section, it is more difficult for them to get financial support in order to expand market or R&D. Furthermore, even though it made strategy corporation with several Shanghai and Zhejiang commercial banks, from an international perspective, the lack of a strong rel ationship with a large bank with lobal connections (Sulivan, 2002, p512) seems to be a big weakness for them. The second weakness is the reputation of Chinese products. For example, every time we, including Europeans, Americans even Asians, mention made-in-China products, we probably are talking about most of toys, shores, textiles or cheap electronics, but fewer of high-tech products. It is true for Chinese automobile manufacturers much(prenominal) as Geely that in order to open western markets they still have a long way to build their product images. * fortuneIt is no doubt that America has one of the most favorable automobile markets in the world. The political and businesses environment much(prenominal) as regulation are lasting and well-developed. The income per capita is also ranked at top. Besides, its infrastructures such as freeways and national transportation network are also well built. For automobile manufacturers, they can either open luxury car markets or focus on mid-income or lower-income consumers. For foreign car makers especially from Asia, Japanese opened American market in 70s and Korean opened in 90s the next might be from China. Threats Like opportunity, a threat is also viewed at on the whole industry level rather than each single company. In the automobile industry, the most common threat is a lot of competitors. There are not only many worldwide well-known brands such as General Motor, Ford, Toyota, Martz-Benz which produce different kinds of luxury automobiles for high-or-mid income consumers but also lots of small manufacturers such as Hyundai, Geely, or Chery ( some other Chinese automobile company) which focus on lower-income market. Another threat is fueling fears.Since Asia economy boom, the demand of natural resource such as pet imageum is increased dramatically. However, nowadays, the oil reserve is decreasing. Due to the high demand and short supply in oil, consumers start to consider not only the prices of automobiles b ut also the ability of throttle saving while they purchase the cars. The change of consumer purchase behaviors will leadly affect automobile manufactures market strategy and R&D. In sum, S. W. O. T analysis is very helpful for both domestic-oriented and international-oriented companies to analyze internal or external economic environment.However, after finish this analysis, there is another analysis to do country analysis before we choose an appropriate opening model. US Country Analysis In US, automobiles play an important role in our daily lives. We can not finish our duties without driving a car. According auto Automotive News, there are 16 million cars in US. Most of the car sales are not made US car companies. US made cars sales is around 44. 9 %. That means 55% of cars sales in US are from foreign company. Japanese cars are the most sales cars in US. There are a lot of reasons why the Japanese cars are popular in US market.First, Japanese cars are better quality and lower price than US cars. Second, the Japanese cars saves their customers in gasoline cost. Because gasoline price increases so quickly, the US economy is experiencing a inflation problem. The daily life product prices are in a rise. People have less spending power than before. The market for cheap cars will increase year by year. On the other hand, people who have higher income still want to buy an expensive car. Most of the rich people want to buy Europe cars, such as BMW, Mercedes Benz, and Audi.As for the cheap car market, Korean cars are taking over most of the sales. China automobiles may have a good chance to demerit into US market, because China may be more competitive than Korean cars. The car come from China also consume less gas. It is may have a good opportunity to break into US market. Entry mode Since the objective for Geely Automotives is to eventually dominate the U. S. low end vehicles market, the most appropriate way for Geely automotives to do this would be through the direct exporting along with sales subsidiary method of entry.Geely will start out by selecting markets that are more susceptible to buying Chinese vehicles such as California and genuine parts of Texas. Additionally, this process is set up to allow Geely to move carefully, develop a good foundation in the U. S. markets and if the upcoming looks favorable then Geely may eventually grow and expand from there. Since China already has some of the lowest labor costs in the world, Geely automotives may be able to leave their manufacturing plant in China and the cars will then be directly exported to the U. S. from China. Once the cars arrive then Geely U.S. subsidiary will be responsible from there on and transport the vehicles to the dealerships for sale. To augment the exporting process, Geely will open up sales subsidiary dealerships in the selected locations in California and certain parts of Texas. The function of these sales subsidiaries will be sales, customer support and along with repair and maintenance on the vehicles. The management team will be also be imported from Geelys headquarters in China, whereas sales, customer support and mechanics can be hired locally, since there is a good supply of well trained car salesmen in U.S. already. While a sales subsidiary dealership may be more expensive to set up in the U. S. than a simple sales branch, the sales subsidiary will be better for long term growth and the expenses should be off set by higher revenues earned from the subsidiary. According to Dr. Sullivan in Exploring International Business Environments, a sales subsidiary will also be better for long term growth because a sales subsidiary will allow Geely to 1. Be closer in touch with end-user needs. 2. Have more break over distribution channels, And 3.Being perceived by customers as more committed to the market. ( 263). Dr. Sullivan also notes that the major disadvantage of a sales subsidiary is in finding sales personal with the right mix of exper ience, language skills and willingness to work for foreigners. However this should not be a big issue for Geely since there is a large Chinese population in California and many well trained sales people. (263). The major thrust behind Geelys entry mode is to expand through economies of scale even if it means sacrificing short term profits.Lawrence Ang, executive director of Geely describes it clearly when he said in a recent news update Were the most aggressive market player in pursuing price-cuts and economies-of-scale strategies, Ang continues by explaining that Market share is relatively more important for us in the near term than profit margin because Chinas auto industry will experience a trend of declining profit margins in the next cope with of years, Furthermore, Ang concludes that We need a critical mass. Then we can push down our per-unit costs, leaving room for maneuvering on pricing. (china. org. cn) Case study Hyundai MotorsTo understand the effectiveness of this entr y mode better, let us look at Hyundai as an example. Hyundai first entered the U. S. market in 1986, their timing was perfect because it was a time when most automobile manufacturers were striving to dominate the higher-end markets, and this left plenty of room in the low end vehicles market. Hyundai took advantage of this by providing affordable cars for college students and lower income families. Hyundai also started out by exporting to Canada and later to the west and east coasts of U. S. where these markets are more liberal to foreign cars.Hyundais success was immediate, setting a record by merchandising their 100,000th Excel in just seven months of their first appearance. (Hyundai. com). With the American car manufacturers slowly loosing market share and Hyundai moving up in their target market, this could be the perfect opportunity for Geely to enter the U. S. market and reproduce Hyundais astounding results. Conclusion Eventually, as U. S. has huge demand of automobile, and s lowly looses its market share to the Asian automobile manufacture, and as Hyundai moves to higher-end markets, this presents an opportunity for Geely.According to S. W. O. T analysis, Geely has its strength on low cost of natural resource and labor, and opportunity on focusing large demand of low-income consumers but the threat on powerful competitors, and weakness on poor reputation. Thus, if Geely could fully utilize its strength and opportunity, and build up its reputation by improving its qualities, we strongly believe that Geely could successfully enter U. S. market, and has high chance to capture part of U. S. automobile industries.

Cultural Profile of the Philippines Essay

The Philippines is a country with diverse culture. The country is divided into regions and provinces wherein each region or province has distinct cultures of their own. greatly influenced by the Spanish colonization in the 14th to 18th century, the country has a lot of colorful festivals that showcase that the cultures and products of the regions. Part of the Philippines diverse culture is their languages. Officially, Filipino and English are the major languages. Filipino is a compendium of more than 180 dialects but most of the words are based on Tagalog, the clapper franca of the National Capital Region, the seat of the government.Majority of Filipinos speak eight major dialects namely Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango and Pangasinense. English, on the other hand, is used as a sensitive of instruction in many educational institutions and as language in documents of the government (About the Philippines). Impact on Business Communication Bec ause the Philippines has been colonized by many nationalities, it has adopted a lot of cultures. With that, Filipinos become flexible in dealing with other passel with other cultures and social backgrounds.Moreover, they have the willingness to learn especially that labor has been one the major exports of the country. Many Filipinos are becoming competitive in the global market and origin. In terms of relationships, Filipinos possess strong social relationships that make it more advisable for them to be introduced first to a third party than having them introducing themselves. However, Filipinos value relationships so much be it with their families of relatives or even in business. They do not focus only to business but they make ways in tell aparting their business partners deeper even to their personal affairs.They believe that when they hunch the people they are dealing with it is easier for them to communicate their ideas for the business. They value their relationships not only for the present business deals but also for the future. They are used to referring people they know to be employees in their businesses (Philippines Language, Culture, Customs, and Etiquette). In business, they also make sure that they are presentable at all times and they prefer face-to-face meeting from qualification phone calls or email that is one way they can build relationships to people and business colleagues.Since they are relational, sometimes they are more particular with the personalities rather than the company they represent (Philippines Language, Culture, Customs, and Etiquette). In the global business, the flexibility, adoptability and professionalism of Filipinos could be advantages especially about their being relational. They will open more areas of communication among their fellow employees and to other people outside the company which they believe can help them in their work.Also, they can easily learn other languages that may be required in doing busi ness because their culture has already thought their tongues to be more adoptive to environments. References Kwintessential Cross Cultural Solutions. (______. ) Philippines Language, Culture, Customs, and Etiquette. Retrieved May 14, 2008 from http//www. kwintessential. co. uk/resources/global-etiquette/philippines-country-profile. html Wow Philippines. (______. ) About the Philippines. Retrieved May 14, 2008 from http//www. tourism. gov. ph/ spy/h

Case Study: Cappuccino Wars

1)The burnt umber culture of the United States has been taken up by a storm in the United Kingdome as well. The gourmet cocoa consumption in the regions increased and the presence of four major chains of burnt umber in the country set out enabled easy access to any type of coffee aimd or desired by the consumers. The reason for the increase and the popularity of the coffee bars in the region is mostly related to the lifestyle and the environment of the region. The United Kingdom is essentially a actually cold region where unrivalled can feel cool winter chills even in the summer months of June and July. As a result, coffee as a beverage would have been very popular in the region. However the different hundreds of varieties made available to the consumers piqued their interest as well as their taste buds.Previously the region was used to the unappealing caustic and grey coffee which did not come in many variations. However with the use of Brazilian coffee and Italian coffee m aking machines, the gourmet coffee bards were able to provide the customers with a diverse product offering which was delicious and attractive at the same time. The consumer as a result, is as well exiting to open a high harm for these coffees. The former(a) strategy that was adopted by the coffee bars was to introduce a relaxing atmosphere and ambience at their shops. This attracted the customers to come in the shop, buy their beverages and spend some time socializing or simply catching up on current events or their work.The other reason as to why coffee shops have become so popular in the region of UK is because of the convenience they offer. The wide spread of the shops has made its realistic for the competing as well as same retailer owned shops to be located within a hundred yards of each other. This gives the customer the convenience and the quality of getting a coffee when ever they want and wherever they want. Aside from this the various flavours offered by the shops have provided the customers with an array of choices and customisation. The customers love making choices and this makes the experience of get and consuming a complex and flavourful brew of coffee very attractive for the customers.2)If I were to be visiting a coffee bar for the commencement exercise time there would be multiple factors influencing my decision pertaining to the purchase of coffee and the repeat consumption of coffee from the specific shop. These factors would include my mood, my attitude towards the shop, the brand make up of the shops, the associations with the image of the shop or the brand, the attitude of my peers with the shop, the reviews that are available for the products and services offered by the shop.Aside from this the factors would also include my personal opinion of the shop, the kind of coffee I want and the various forms of coffees that are offered by the shop. The concern coming in and going out of the shop as well as the ambiance would also be a important facto of my decision making activity. Aside form this I would want the coffee to be healthy and prepared in a hygiene environment as a result cleanliness and hygiene would also play a crucial part in my decision of going to a certain shop for buying the coffee.However if I have already visited the shop and bought a coffee from there, then my decision making factors would slightly change. By straightaway I would have formed an opinion about the shop and would make my decision according to this. The opinion would be made up of my experience with the supply and the service, the experience of consuming the coffee as well my personal taste of the ambiance in the shop. The satisfaction that I derived form the coffee however would be the most important decision for me in the case of repeat purchase behaviour.My decision to buy coffee can be a high battle decision as well as a low involvement decision. Initially the decision to go to a shop for the first time would be a high involvement decision as I would be checking the place out and asking for reviews form people. However once I have been there the decision for going to the same shop would become a low involvement decision.3)The leading coffee shops in the UK including Starbucks, Costa Coffee, Caf Nero and Coffee land have all had been selling large amounts of coffee to the customers, however they have been unable to make any substantial amounts of profits. The main reason for this is that they are shortly because of their expansion strategy and the product offering.They are providing the customers with a highly diverse kind of product however the price they are charging is high and premium price based however it is not enough for them to cover the cost of the customizations and the high quality raw materials required in the manufacturing and processing of these coffees. Moreover the intense rival in the industry has made them restrict the level to which they can moderate their prices as the other company in the industry also follows the price moderate making the effect the sae. However the margin available to the companies is getting reducesThe other reason is that the expansion strategy especially by Starbucks is eating up into the physical object market scope and share of the branches of the various coffee bars. This has reduced the traffic coming in per bar, while the number of coffee bars have been increasing. This decrease in the traffic combined with the low margins has made the profitability of these bars almost non existent.The option available to the coffee and related beverage retailers like Starbucks and other serious competitors is to improve the efficiency of their operations. The business will have to perform business process reengineering whereby the have to find out the various inefficiencies that exist in their business processes. Special attention has to be given to the cost inefficiencies present.These need to be identified and improved on or eliminated . By getting more than efficient in their operations the stores will be able to report profits for their operations. One of the main strategies that the companies might have to take up would be to close down its highly inefficient and loss bearing stores. Aside from this those stores which are not present at strategic location should be eliminated as well in order to cut down the costs of operations.4)The coffee bars are usually located in the centres of the towns and the streets as this is where most of the traffic hunt downs to pass from. The chance of getting a customer in these regions is very high. However in order to provide the coffee to places where the people actually require them would involve taking the shop to the consumers.This would involve setting up a coffee kiosk in the school during lunch times or in the offices during lunch break. Aside from this the shops can be placed near the vicinity of large schools, colleges and office building. Placing the shop in such st rategic locations will entrust the customers to conveniently come to the shop themselves. Aside form this it is also possible to open a coffee bar inside a college campus as well. This is because the mull over cramming sessions conducted by the students require caffeine laden beverages and they would appreciate the presence of a coffee bar in such convenient vicinity.Other locations where the presence of a coffee shop can be profitable for business as well as satisfactory for the customers would be near political and government offices, near legions training camps as well as in hospitals. The presence of such coffee shops would be much appreciated in hospitals as people tend to have a lack of choice for beverages like coffee and snacks in the hospital. The coffee shops can also be located at prominent regional, matter as well as international tourism spots and hotels. This would provide the tourists as well as the working staff to the coffee culture providing them will high qual ity coffee products at their convenience.ReferenceThorburn, S., (2006), Analyst Comment, Marketing, p35-35, retrieved November 10, 2007

Critical Review of Two Academic Papers

Critical refreshen of two academic papers most the impacts of festivals and events to local and regional development The aim of this essay is to critical review two academic papers relating to the impacts of festivals and events to local and regional development. The first key opus of Moscardo (2007) Analyzing the role of festivals and events in regional development, focuses on the potential role of festivals and events and explaining how net they contribute to regional development.Another paper, wrote by woodwind (2005) Measuring the economic and social impacts of local situation events, focuses on local authority use events in non-tourism regions and the post-industrial town of Blackburn in Lancashire. This essay leave alone introduce the different methodological approaches that these two articles employ and discuss why these methods suitable for these two papers. It will also discuss other parts of methods the authors utilise. According to Lancaster( 2009) apply differe nt kinds of methodological can crystallise the data more reliable and valid.Focus on the content of these two papers, in the first writing, Moscardo (2007) describes that the study explored 36 weigh studies and depth psychology identified 13 themes which connected to the efficiency of festivals and events in regional development. The results of this search, which be analysed by using the qualitative research method, are employ to describing how festivals and events can contribute to regional development. They also analysed the factors to the victory of events and festivals. Moreover, Eisenhard (1989 cited in Moscardo) provided the main steps in case study analysis.In another article, Wood (2005) uses quantitative method to identified both economic and social impacts of friendship focused on local authority events. This research using mainly six questionnaires to evaluate two large events on different sides. As it mentioned, the authors used two different types of research m ethods. One is qualitative method and another one is quantitative method. As noted by Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson (2008) there are mainly three distinct differences between qualitative data and quantitative data. First of all, qualitative data is based on through words pack meanings and cannot be uantified. In contrast, qualitative data is based on meanings indicated through numbers and that can be counted or measured. Second, qualitative method conducted data from using conceptual model and quantitative method conducted data through using charts and statistics. Third, quantitative research relies mainly on statistical discipline and numbers, the results are numerical. Conversely, qualitative method need analyse longer descriptions instead of numbers. For using qualitative method, the advantages are this method strength is in uncovering more about concourses experience.As qualitative research focuses on small groups, it can be less expensive than quantitative research whic h whitethorn require large groups of participants or expensive measurement tools. There are also have some postivist (Egan 2012) issues with qualitative research, such as subjective, cannot be generalised and it is rocky to determine the daring and reliability of linguistic data. For using quantitative method, it both have positive sides and negative sides too. The advantages are the data is specific, replicable, generaliseable and it is aggregates across multiple subjects and summarizes findings.However, quantitative data may not be as rich as or as detailed as qualitative method and survey may be difficult for some participants, may not provide all the information needed for interpretations of data findings, and the large amounts of data may require more sophisticated analysis approaches (Cooper, Donohue and Tharenou 2007). Back on these two papers, the reason why Moscardo (2007) used qualitative research method is because this study is focused on a specific field of operations about the role that successful events and festivals can play in regional development. It is need information specifically and robust. referable to the purpose of the study, another author Wood (2005) used quantitative research method , which is evaluate two events and develop local peoples attitude to the region. They need widely information to know the general opinions of local authority events. Continuing focus on the different research methods the authors chose. Moscardo (2007) explored 36 case studies and identified 13 themes in content analysis. Anderson, Jansen and Velde (2004) state that case study research specializes in the understanding of a complex issue or experience in object and can be expanded or added to any know through previous research trengths. Case study highlights a limited number of events or conditions and detailed background analysis of the relationship between them. Elsmore (2012) maintains that case study has many merits. For example, first, it can put pe ople , events and organisations in their both social and historical context. Second, it has a ability to treat the subject as a whole. Third, data charm is very flexible, this strategy permits researchers to adjust their research strategy as the research proceeds. Furthermore, there is on need to generalise to a delineate wider population.Moscardo also used Eisenhardts (1989) steps in case study analysis, the process as starting from traditional problem definition and construct validation standardized to hypothesis testing research. It required specify population, make theoretical and not random sampling. Next, it should combine both qualitative and quantitative methods and overlap data collection to allow investigators to take advantage of emergent themes. Then, analyse cases and across cases and compare findings and similar literature to build internal validity. Lastly, extend and test hypothesis in other samples of case studies.Anderson, Jansen and Velde (2004) indicate that th e resultant theory from the Eisenhardt process is grounded enough for application. Wood (2005) developed 6 different questionnaires, it is important because these questionnaires are used to treasure economic impacts of authority events and festivals through survey peoples attitude. Cooper, Donohue and Tharenou (2007) report that there are many benefits of questionnaires. The first one is the responses are gathered in a standardise way, so questionnaires are more objective than interviews.Then, questionnaires not only can collect data relatively quick but also can connection a large number of people at a very low price if use ring or postal. However, in some situations they can take a long time to design and analyse. Moreover, in some cases potential respondents will refuse to take the time to be interviewed or will refuse to answer some specific questions and response rates can be low from postal. In both papers, they chose different method, so the respondents and the numbers of information are different.In Moscardos research, he use cases from different countries and a variety kinds of festival and event. About 50 per cent cases were from Australia, approximately all of the case were regular or recurring events. In Woods research, the respondents were people and organisations, it surveyed six types, the attitudes to the region before event, event attendees and participants, non-attendees, local business, sponsors, community groups and attitudes to the region after event. The attitude surveys were carried out by telephone interview, and the numbers were selected randomly.Walliman (2011) says that when a sample is selected randomly, then every item in the population has an equal chance of being selected. These two writing were both expound literature review in their different sections. According to Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson (2008) literature review is all their own and contribute to knowledge through literature reviews on a specific topic of resea rch activities. They serve as valuable resources for those who want to get overview of the available research in a particular area.Literature review is always done as part of a paper highlighted key issues and related topics, and highlights the influence of conceptual or empirical studies already carried out in the field. To sum up, through comparing the methods used to the impacts of festivals and events to local and regional development in these two papers. It presents that there are mainly three differences between qualitative method and quantitative method. The biggest difference is that qualitative method express meanings through words and quantitative method is based on numbers.In addition, they both have advantages and disadvantages. Due to their different purpose of studies, one of them chose case studies and another chose questionnaires as their research method and explains their positive sides and negative sides. Moscardo (2007) uses case from different countries and in Wo ods research, the respondents were people and organisations and Wood selected the sampling randomly. Finally, the last portion states why need literature review and how it is significant. Above all, a research should be use suitable methods, no matter it is qualitative or quantitative.

Enhancing Employee Job Satisfaction Essay

1.Executive SummaryCommunication problems often become app arnt due to their consequences. If a division suffers from high stave turnover, this often can be a sign of inadequate intercourse between and supervisor and the team. If the team doesnt understand what is expected from them, received ill-defined instructions or is not sure as shooting round the over wholly extinctline and wherefore they are asked to do what they do all issues subdue to poor communication they often obtain dissatisfied and this can result in employees leaving the business after a relatively short period of time.An separate condition that can justify reviewing if there are any departmental communication problems is low penury, productivity and poor business performance. If cater does not receive the randomness they require or do not regain appreciated, treasured and kept informed they might not go the extra mile for their employer. They might find oneself frustrated and cant see the point of what they are doing and this in turn leads to poor performance.Open and regular disagreements between managers and the team, such as splay conflict or rejected appraisals, are also a clear sign of communication issues and should be looked into.But suspecting that a departmental issue is down to poor communication is not sufficient to bring improvement almost. Once you suspect that there are communication problems how do you find out for sure enabling you to target them?A good method of identifying if there are communication problems is to talk to the involved parties and try to gain an understanding about their opinion. wherefore do they think the department underperforms? Do they feel they get all the information and feedback they need to do the job? What would they change if they could? Are their opinions heard and judge? I is important to keep this feedback confidential in order to ensure that honourable feedback is received either through nameless surveys or through several(prenominal) conversations with a neutral party such as an HR manager. An some other method is to question staff about the things they should issue, e.g. how their work fits in with the business strategy and why they do what they do. If they are not able to answer these questions, it is likely that communication is insufficient or ineffective.Identifying communication problems between managers and staff can be easily identified using above suggestions. By rectifying these major positive impacts on business performance and employee satisfaction can be achieved.A utmost suggestion on how to identify communication problems between managers and staff is to observe how both parties interact. Are conversations kept courteous and respectful and show trust or are they sharp and without showing signs of a good relationship. Body language should also be observed to identify if both parties listen to each other and fetch effectively or if information is not taken in and heard or offe red effectively. A review of the key communication channels use can also be very(prenominal) valuable, e.g. email should be used for clear step to step instructions to ensure understanding, but at the alike time direct communication face-to-face or per telephone is needed to ensure a relationship is developing and queries can be easily resolved.2.Background of the battlefield To avoid the consequences of job dissatisfaction. Employees lack motivation, perform poorly and possess negative attitudes means that they are dissatisfaction on the jobs. These symptoms can straightway affect a caller-ups profit and vision. We should understand the causas why employees are unhappy at work. Understanding the causes can help us find the right solutions.To improve employee motivation and performance, we wonder how to get employees to work with a higher degree of effort. What motivates an employee to perform varies from employee to employee. Some people work to satisfy needs, meet goals or f ulfill accomplishments. motive to perform is not a rule that can be enforced it comes from within the employee. To inspire motivation, we must create a work environment that encourages employees to feel motivated.Improve employees engagement to prevent unhappiness, turnover and even profit declines.To improve teamwork, is to realize the importance of teamwork and become proactive about having colleagues work together as an important element of the business.We need to improve and enhancing employees job satisfaction, engagement, collaboration and teamwork to resulting in increased productivity. Employees are a companys livelihood. How they feel about the work they are doing and the results received from that work directly impact companys performance and, ultimately, its stability. For instance, if employees are highly motivated and proactive, they forget do some(prenominal) is necessary to achieve the goals as well as keep track of performance to address any potential challenges. Employees have low motivation is all vulnerable to both internal and external challenges because its employees are not going the extra mile to maintain the company stability. An unstable ultimately underperforms.3. Introduction and desktop of Hotel3.1 Introduction & background of Hotel We are one of Hong Kongs best designed hotel are perfect choice for travelers who demand the best short term deposit and long term accommodation.Since we opened in 1997, our hotel in central Hong Kong has been recognized by guests and the hospitality industry for its outstanding performance.The 350 guest get ons are all tastefully furnished and are completed direct telephone line with voice mail. Our equipped kitchenettes acknowledge microwave, induction cooker and refrigerator and broadband internet feeler are available in our hotel.Location Situated in the heart of Hong Kong Island, superbly located in the mid-levels commanding spectacular views of Hong Kong Island and Victoria harbor. It is a lso a prestigious address that enjoys the proximity to prime business districts of Central and Admiralty.Attraction The Hong Kong Park and Botanical Garden are in the proximity, with lush greenery and generous open space nearby Central MTR station and Hong Kongs popular nightspot Lan Kwai Fong are also within 10 transactions walking distance. Well connected by public transport to the main shop district theatre of operationss, Causeway Bay Hong Kong. It is perfectly located in an area with a mix of history, art & culture, and a touch of stylish contemporary. Antique shops, art galleries and designers boutiques scattered around, together with high rise office buildings, massive shopping centre and party venues of Lan Kwai Fong and SoHo.3.2 Hotel Structure The Hotel structure thats split into two basic groups administrative and operations. The administrative side of the structure includes such departments as sales and marketing, accounting and human resources. The operations side is generally split further into food and boozing and rooms. Both administration and operations line to the general manager.The administrative group is fairly straightforward. Any function that does not consistently interact with the guests or impact the service level falls into this group. The operations group is a bit more complicated. Food and beverage, for instance, might include the hotels restaurants, bars, nightclubs, banquets department, catering department and sometimes room service. Rooms might include the front desk and front-door personnel, keep, concierge, guest services and sometimes security and engineering.Human Resources incision The human resources department plays a vital role in a hotels efficient operation. The functions of the human resources department are employee recruitment, benefits administration and training. Although the human resources department recruits, interviews, and screens prospective employees, the final hiring decision rests within the depart ment in which the potential employee allow be working.Accounting Department The accounting departments responsibilities are include recording financial transactions, preparing and interpreting financial statements and providing the managers of other departments with timely reports of operate results. Other responsibilities, carried out by the assistant controller for finance, include payroll preparation, ac-counts receivable, and accounts payable.Rooms Department Responsibilities of the rooms department include reservations, guest reception, room assignment, bring in the status of rooms (available or occupied), prompt forwarding of mail and phone messages, security, housekeeping of guest rooms and public spaces such as lobbies, and answering guests questions. This very department provides the services guests expect during their stay in the Hotel.The front office is usually considered one of the most important departments in a hotel because that is where the most interaction with the hotel guests takes place. Frequent and consistent communication among front-office functions is critical. Reservations, for instance, must communicate with the front desk each day about the number of rooms that have been presold. The front desk must communicate with housekeeping staff members to let them know when guests check out. Management for all front-office departments must stress consistent and frequent communication to ensure a smooth-running operation.The housekeeping department is vital to attracting and keeping guests through its role of maintaining top quality decor, cleanliness and service. The housekeeping department includes many roles in the service staff of a hotel. out from room at tendants, who tend to room cleanliness, the department includes gardeners, alimony men, bellhops, laundry staff and floor managers, as well as, occasionally, customer service professionals.Food and Beverage Department Food and beverage department is to provide food and drink to a hotels guests. Arrange multiple events scheduled for the guest. A coffee shop, gourmet restaurant, room service, banquet halls and function rooms where food and beverages are served. This department is an integral place in the hotel which is responsible for the systematic and the actual Service of food and beverage to the general public or customers as per the order in any F &B outlets.Marketing and Sales Department The marketing and sales departments managers who make up the marketing and sales department are sales, or the selling of the hotel facilities and services to individuals and groups. Sales managers sell rooms, food, and beverages to potential clients through advertising, attendance at association and conference meetings and direct contacts. The marketing and sales department is also removed from most of the day-to-day operational problems faced by other departments. The division of work among the sales managers is based on the type of customers a hotel is attempting to at tract.Engineering Department The engineering departments responsibilities include preventive maintenance repair replacement improvement and adjustment to furniture, fixtures, and equipment and ensuring uninterrupted provision of utilities (gas, electricity, water). Preventive maintenance involves routine checks and inspection of the key components of all equipment. Maintenance of recreational facilities may be part of the engineering departments responsibilities. the engineering departments responsibilities include preventive maintenance repair replacement improvement and modification to furniture, fixtures, and equipment (FFE) and ensuring uninterrupted provision of utilities (gas, electricity, water).Organization Chart Appendix I4.Methodologies 4.1 Questionnaire (anonymous)A staff questionnaire is an effective tool used to find out what the employees feel about the organization, it policies, work environment, job responsibilities, co-workers, superiors etc. In any work environm ent, it is important for the upper management to be aware of what its staff wants and expects this will lead to demote retention of employees and a mutually productive relationship between the staff and the boss.Staff questionnaires to discover what are employees really thinking. These are completed on an anonymous basis usually once or twice a year. Because the employees cant be identified we are more likely to get honest answers. This information can be revealing it may also help to tackle hidden problems quickly and, more importantly, before staff gets blown out of proportion.Sample of Questionnaire Appendix II5.Analysis & finding of current problems5.1Problems in communications Some employees might also be afraid or not feel comfortable to speak up about problems they are having with other co-workers. Some employees might think that if they speak up about trouble they are having they will be frowned upon for future projects.5.2Employees initiative and commitment Some employee not willing to handle multiple tasks, responsibilities and take on new challenges. Hidden interest in and no enthusiasm for the job and completes assignments slowly and non-efficiently. Not able to adapt to new situations and changing work priorities and responsibilities when needed.5.3Employee job dissatisfaction Staff expects to get a suitable reward. The wage should be fair, reasonable and equitable. Employees who feel stuck in their job position are less motivated to maintain high productivity. Managers with poor leadership skills tend to offer little feedback on employees performances.5.4Inter-department conflicts A manager or employee will know an important piece of information, and assume that because he knows it, then everyone else must know it as well.5.5Employees behavior Employees feel threatened by fellow employees, experience piece of work burnout, lack respect for management and feel unappreciated.6. ConclusionBusinesses without effective staff communication suffer f rom lost profits, poor productivity and poor employee morale. In order to solve many business problems, employees need to be able to cooperate and cooperate effectively. Good communication can encourage employees to work harder, solve problems together and work towards a common goal. It is the job of every supervisor, manager or boss to make sure employees are communicating effectively.If a department suffers from high staff turnover, this often can be a sign of poor communication between and supervisor and the team. If the team doesnt understand what is expected from them, received unclear instructions or is not sure about the boilersuit strategy and why they are asked to do what they do all issues down to poor communication they often feel dissatisfied and this can result in employees leaving the business after a relatively short period of time.Another cause that can justify reviewing if there are any departmental communication problems is low motivation, productivity and poor b usiness performance. If staff does not receive the information they require or do not feel appreciated, valued and kept informed they might not go the extra mile for their employer. They might feel frustrated and cant see the point of what they are doing and this in turn leads to poor performance.Employees feel dissatisfied with their jobs at one point or another. Some employees leave their jobs for better opportunities, while others choose to stay. Employees with low job satisfaction can negatively affect a company because they typically lack motivation, perform poorly and possess negative attitudes. These symptoms can directly affect a companys bottom line. Managers should understand the reasons employees are unhappy at work. Understanding the causes can help managers find the right solutions. unitary of the primary reasons for job dissatisfaction results from companies underpaying workers. The stress of paying bills with limited income causes many workers to feel dissatisfied wit h their jobs.A lack of career growth and advancement is another reason why employees are dissatisfied at their jobs. Employees who feel stuck in their job position are less motivated to maintain high productivity than those who do not. Workers feel valued when employers include them in their long-term plans and show their appreciation through promotions. Employees who move up in an organization and receive just remuneration to reflect their title and responsibility changes usually commit themselves to the company for the long term.A lack of interest in the work is another reason why employees are unhappy. Most employees want to perform job duties that are engaging and challenging. Monotonous work causes an employee to experience boredom. Bored and unchallenged employees experience little bonus to concern themselves with workplace productivity. The nature of employees work accounts for the most situational influence in workplace satisfaction.A key reason employees perform poorly in the workplace is poor management. Managers with poor leadership skills tend to offer little feedback on employees performances. Micromanaging and dictating to employees instead of motivating them can cause a decrease in employee productivity. suffering communication is one of the main causes of conflict between employees in the workplace. This can result in a difference in communication styles or a failure to communicate. For example, a manager reassigned an employees task to the employees co-worker but failed to communicate the reassignment to the employee. This may cause the employee to feel slighted, which can transform into pettishness among the two employees and the manager. Failing to communicate in the workplace may cause employees to make incorrect assumptions and believe workplace gossip. Poor communication in the workplace not only causes conflict but decreases productivity and employee morale.

Pain Equals Success Narrative Essay

botheration Equals Success Emily Flores Ms. Hellerman English Comp. 101 February 11, 2013 Pain Equals Success Too much bother is never enough pain. Without pain, you authentically cannot feel and enjoy real achievement. tire Kat, a strong influential newborn woman, always strived for success. She knew with success it will create obstacles and tests to ensure ace is absolutely ready for their dream. What she didnt know was that those struggles were about to hit her fast. It all started when Jade ruined her internship with a well-known thriving retail company in japan called JuJuPop, Inc.She was immediately hired to work as a fashion designer. This was only discussion section of her dream her real dream was to be C. E. O. As people would say, do not induct too used to things or it feels too good to be true these phrases were about to make much more sense to Jade as certain situations were about to occur. One of her coworkers, a nice swell well-groomed fellow, caught her mall at first sight. They immediately started talking and had similar hobbies, which dark into dates that turned into a potential relationship.This guy seemed so wonderful to her until she started realizing some strange activities release on with her credit card account. This prince charming was actually using her herculean-earned property to splurge on himself behind her back. She was suffering at first and did not sound off this would happen to her. She immediately confronted him he admitted it and they ended their relationship. After a some months of getting back on her feet, Jade Kat was all about variant towards success. She was still working for the company for about 5 years. Her designs were universe recognised by diadem fashionistas.Jade was so close to her dream, she could taste it. During one of the companies fashion shows, Kobe magnate, one of the top of the line tuxedo designers, was checking out Jades wedding line and loved it. The 2 met for dinner at one of t he finest restaurants in Japan. They went all over a few of her designs and he was very impressed. He offered Jade a position in his company and she accepted. The two started working together right absent on a wedding spring line. With Kobe and Jades launch, the two made millions off their line together.The success of their launch has made their line the top 5 to choose from in Japan. After 2 years of being great colleagues, the two decided to host a huge party inviting many famous designers and celebrities to celebrate their success together. During the party, Kobe had told Jade, Come with me to my office, we need to talk business. olive-sized did she know, Kobe always had great interest in her. Come, sit down, he called while he fetched her a booze. While she was busy looking over designs, Kobe had locked the door in his soundproof office.After a little small talk, his intoxicated-self made his way over her and reach her the drink. She immediately smelled and noticed pill pi eces in her drink and pretended to drink it. Kobe by then, was already all over her, harassing her and even tried to abuse her. She managed to whack him down, unlock the door and get help. He later was arrested, placed in jail and out of Jades lifetime for good. A situation as hard as that is something very devastating to go through. Jade had to get psychological help to get back to the successful woman she was trying hard to be.She had to forgive the ones who insulted her, attacked her, belittled her, and took her for granted but before she did that, she had to forgive herself for allowing them to hurt her. (live, laugh, dream, 2013) Once Jade was well enough to leave the rehabilitation, she rented an apartment and her old excogitate gave her leverage and time to keep to herself until she felt fully ready to sum up back to work. In the next 3 months, Jade fully recovered and was back creating designs no one has ever thought to create.This recovery won so many peoples hearts and concern for her, it brought all the success she wanted. Her pain and her realness was what gave her success. Jade Kat become a strong self-reliant woman. She created her own retail line called On The Prowl, Inc. and is living the life of a successful entrepreneur. Human progress is neither automatic nor inevitable Every yard toward the goal of justice requires sacrifice, suffering, and struggle the tireless exertions and passionate concern of dedicated individuals. MLK, 2013) scorn the struggles she had to endure, success was all she ever wanted and received it. With all her success and good-will, God blessed her with true love and now she lives a happy life as a successful mother, wife, and entrepreneur. References live, laugh, dream (2013) Search Quotes. Retrieved from http//www. searchquotes. com/quotes/about/Abusive_Relationship/ Martin Luther King (2001-2013) Struggle Quotes. Retrieved from http//www. brainyquote. com/quotes/keywords/struggle. html Running Head Pain Equals SuccessPain Equals Success Narrative EssayPain Equals Success Emily Flores Ms. Hellerman English Comp. 101 February 11, 2013 Pain Equals Success Too much pain is never enough pain. Without pain, you truly cannot feel and enjoy real success. Jade Kat, a strong influential young woman, always strived for success. She knew with success it will create obstacles and tests to ensure one is absolutely ready for their dream. What she didnt know was that those struggles were about to hit her fast. It all started when Jade finished her internship with a well-known successful retail company in Japan called JuJuPop, Inc.She was immediately hired to work as a fashion designer. This was only part of her dream her real dream was to be C. E. O. As people would say, do not get too used to things or it feels too good to be true these phrases were about to make much more sense to Jade as certain situations were about to occur. One of her coworkers, a nice swell well-groomed fellow, caught her eye at f irst sight. They immediately started talking and had similar hobbies, which turned into dates that turned into a potential relationship.This guy seemed so wonderful to her until she started realizing some strange activities going on with her credit card account. This prince charming was actually using her hard-earned cash to splurge on himself behind her back. She was hurt at first and did not think this would happen to her. She immediately confronted him he admitted it and they ended their relationship. After a few months of getting back on her feet, Jade Kat was all about striving towards success. She was still working for the company for about 5 years. Her designs were being recognized by top fashionistas.Jade was so close to her dream, she could taste it. During one of the companies fashion shows, Kobe King, one of the top of the line tuxedo designers, was checking out Jades wedding line and loved it. The two met for dinner at one of the finest restaurants in Japan. They went ov er a few of her designs and he was very impressed. He offered Jade a position in his company and she accepted. The two started working together right away on a wedding spring line. With Kobe and Jades launch, the two made millions off their line together.The success of their launch has made their line the top 5 to choose from in Japan. After 2 years of being great colleagues, the two decided to host a huge party inviting many famous designers and celebrities to celebrate their success together. During the party, Kobe had told Jade, Come with me to my office, we need to talk business. Little did she know, Kobe always had great interest in her. Come, sit down, he called while he fetched her a drink. While she was busy looking over designs, Kobe had locked the door in his soundproof office.After a little small talk, his intoxicated-self made his way over her and handed her the drink. She immediately smelled and noticed pill pieces in her drink and pretended to drink it. Kobe by then, was already all over her, harassing her and even tried to abuse her. She managed to knock him down, unlock the door and get help. He later was arrested, placed in jail and out of Jades life for good. A situation as hard as that is something very devastating to go through. Jade had to get psychological help to get back to the successful woman she was trying hard to be.She had to forgive the ones who insulted her, attacked her, belittled her, and took her for granted but before she did that, she had to forgive herself for allowing them to hurt her. (live, laugh, dream, 2013) Once Jade was well enough to leave the rehabilitation, she rented an apartment and her old job gave her leverage and time to keep to herself until she felt fully ready to come back to work. In the next 3 months, Jade fully recovered and was back creating designs no one has ever thought to create.This recovery won so many peoples hearts and concern for her, it brought all the success she wanted. Her pain and her re alness was what gave her success. Jade Kat become a strong independent woman. She created her own retail line called On The Prowl, Inc. and is living the life of a successful entrepreneur. Human progress is neither automatic nor inevitable Every step toward the goal of justice requires sacrifice, suffering, and struggle the tireless exertions and passionate concern of dedicated individuals. MLK, 2013) Despite the struggles she had to endure, success was all she ever wanted and received it. With all her success and good-will, God blessed her with true love and now she lives a happy life as a successful mother, wife, and entrepreneur. References live, laugh, dream (2013) Search Quotes. Retrieved from http//www. searchquotes. com/quotes/about/Abusive_Relationship/ Martin Luther King (2001-2013) Struggle Quotes. Retrieved from http//www. brainyquote. com/quotes/keywords/struggle. html Running Head Pain Equals Success

Emancipation of slavery Essay

The writer reflects the emancipation of knuckle downry and how it influenced the American women. For many Americans (the slave owners), it was not possible to think that what will happen if they no longer owe slaves. It was natural for people who were used to the cheap and easy labour open up themselves in the middle of nowhere. The demise of slavery gave rise to a new kind of slavery where woman could sell their body. For writer this idea of merchandising women seems new, provided in many tribal societies around the world, women argon still sold and bought.The idea of selling body was loathsome in society that was still nice in thinking. The moralist advocated ban on streetwalkers and prostitution while state sought to legalize the body trade, it was this tussle that continued for decades. For many the idea of selling body was a reminiscent of slavery but even the law itself was dubious ab extinct the prostitution. According to the idealist the prostitution stood as a well-disp osed system in which all was for sale. It was this thinking that made prostitution or women at the edge a social issue.For S bulge outherners slavery and marriage was hotshot and the same thing while for northmosterner slavery and prostitution were one and the same thing. The Southerners were used to slavery and bondage, prostitution for them seemed a kind of outlet where they could vent out their frustration along with economic benefits. For Northerners marriage was a sacred idea hijacked by streetwalkers to lure loyal husbands and sons. The Southerners argued that by recruiting black women as slave prostitutes they are limiting the white prostitution again shows double standard.The Northerners argued that prostitution continued because the lusty men of South wanted it. For abolitionists it was unthinkable to mix market prudence and family values together in one place. Ironically both of them used prostitution as deformation, but the reality was far different. The author failed to address the force issue of the North and South. The basic reason of differences between the North and South has been economics. In broader sense the North was rapidly modernizing and South felt threatened by it.Being more viable economically means more powerful, the South was still stuck up to agrarian economy. It was under these circumstances in the South slaves were more important compared to North. Being less modern and less developed the slave prostitutes were a source of income for Jones in the South and they could not give it away easily. For North it became ideological because they were already reaping the benefits of industrlized economy. Even in the modern world, prostitution is done by the poorest of the poor in the society.In present day American society, disdain all freedom no one considers prostitution a respectable and honourable way of life. In simple words, the women who practice this profession are doing it out of economic necessity. In modern day America, gov ernment is willing to accept the porn industry legally regardless of how women are exploited for sake of coarse tax that reaches US$50 billion per year. Thus we can say its the market economics that is still ruling American society. Reference Stanely, Amy Dru. From fetter to Contract.

Culture and Care Value Base Essay

In this assignment I am discharge to examine and explain my own own(prenominal) values and principles influence my own swear out in pro drill. I will comp be my principles and values with the Federal Ireland Social reverence Council codes of practice and the C ar rank traveling bag. The NISCC and the Care Value paper affirm a bun in the oven many similar codes of practice which wholly health and kind kick practiti unmatchedrs should adhere by and work with. The values I ascertain that are relevant deep down my experience of health plow and at heart my current placement are confidentiality, dignity and respect, effective communicating, anti-discriminatory practice and shade and beliefs. In researching NISCC codes of practice and the Care Value Base, I have found that their values are similarly similar to my own values inwardly my sustainment practice.The first value I am freeing to discuss is confidentiality. According to the Care Value Base maintaining confiden tiality of reading is an important part of caring. Any information clients hand is private and confidential. Individuals need to be aware of what they say to contrary carers and clients and in like manner who have nettle to client files.Previously undergoing work experience in the stroke ward I found that all patient roles medical information is on a clipboard on the front of their bed, any iodine could read this information, I feel the patients confidentiality isbeing breached.During my work placement at Ceara School, I observed that each pupil has case-by-case care folders within coach these are kept in a secure filling cabinet and only the members of staff who are tone after a particular pupil is allowed access, I feel this is in truth(prenominal) good practice to uphold confidentiality.Within my placement I feel my values would be similar to the Care Value base, if a service user informed me of private information I would keep it to myself to build trust and confidenc e unless the individual or others were at harm.The second value that I feel is most important and relevant to my experience and work placement is effective communication. According to NISCC, one of their codes of practice is to communication in an appropriate, open, accurate and straightforward way. Within my work placement you have to have recognition and respect of the pupils opinions and ideas so they gain confidence within you and be more(prenominal) comfortable to talk. You also have to talk respectfully and use a lot of humor and creativeness to keep them interested. On a regular basis thither are group conversations and also one to one conversations, simple language is used that is easily understood and additionally open chiefs are apply to develop the conversation.With having previous work experience in Craigavon Area Hospital I have learnt the enormousness of communication. Many doctors used jargonistic terms, which potful be very hard for patients to understand, I co nsider this to be idle communication.I feel my values are comparable to those of the Northern Ireland Social Care Council. I hark back that my value of communication within my work placement will come across positively. While in placement I make the speaker feel heard and understood, I make sure to force an environment where pupils feel safe to express ideas opinions and feelings. I keep suitable eye contact and express interest in what is being said and sure my posture is open andinviting.The Care Value Base deems that it is important to ack instanterledge an individuals personal beliefs and identity. The NISCC feel that respective diversity and different cultures and values are very significant and can have extensive affects on a persons care. I went to an integrated secondary civilise with many cultures and religions. I took part in a multi-cultural day in school, I got to see other communities and cultures and what they believed in, this widened my views and changed my opin ions of different religions.While in Craigavon Area Hospital completing work experience I knowledgeable that meals and meal times were very important in some religions and culture. Some individuals were vegetarian I had to be very respectable of their culture and identity. They were supplied with a different menu with different foods that they could choose this aids the right of choice and independence. onwards my work placement commenced I hoped that the employees and pupils had the same value as myself in consideration of different cultures and are open to express their beliefs and identity and be proud of who they are.My next value is extremely important in my care practice and that is upheld by NISCC and the Care Value Base is anti-discriminatory practice.Anti-discriminatory practice is action to foresee unlikeness against people on the grounds of race, program, gender and disability. Anti-discriminatory practice promotes equality by introducing anti-discriminatory policies in different situations of work. http//uk.ask.com/question/what-is-the-definition-of-anti-discriminatory-practiceThe Care Value Base describes one of their values by promoting anti-discriminatory practice and to protect the individual from abuse.thither are many pieces of lawmaking that are in place to protect individuals from discrimination including the Disability affect 1995, Human Rights Act,Equality Act 2010 and the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995. In my work placement I will work in an anti-discriminatory way, I will non discriminate or articulate the service users on their gender, race, class or disability. I believe everyone is different and we all have rights set in place to prevent us from being discriminated against.While undertaking work experience in Craigavon Area Hospital, disabled individuals were saved from discriminatory practice, there were lifts and ramps so all wheel chairs could access the building. There were wide and automatic doors so wheel chair s could get through them with no difficulty, although I feel this is very good practice there was also bad practice within the hospital. I consider individuals with different religions and languages were discriminated against. There were no interpreters for different languages therefore the patients didnt know what had happened or what was about to happen.I feel my values hinder those of the Care Value Base and I imagine my values will come across positively within my work placement. I feel my personal culture and experience has influenced me in many different ways in supporting users of services and others in health and social care settings.My parents have taught me from a boyish age to say please and thank you and to be respectful to others. I have grown up knowing these simple values and therefore it has influenced me to show dignity and respect to all service users.Although I am of a Catholic background and practice the Catholic faith, I went to an integrated primary school an d secondary school with many different religions and cultures. I now have an understanding of other cultures within health and socials care settings and I am able to accept other religions and their beliefs. I believe this have had a positive influence on my personal culture and experience.When I was in primary school, I met my best friend, he was homosexual. My parents were quite weary of this as they didnt like the way he dressed to the nines(p) andacted.They came to the terms of his sexual orientation and accepted him because I have had the privilege of meeting him it has allowed me to open my eyeball to all sexual ordinations. When working and supporting users of health and social care service I wouldnt mind what sexual ordination the service user was, I would not discriminate against them. I would promote and uphold my values to protect them from harm.From experience I know many people have been discriminated on because of their gender. Some individuals will not be chosen for a particular job because they are anthropoid/female. Service users are also judged on their sexual ordinations, recently in the stark nakeds according to Poots, Northern Irelands Health Minister he said that all gay men are not allowed to give blood. I feel this sexual ordination is being discriminated against, it is very bad practice and defeats the purpose of legislation created to protect individuals from this happening. I will promote and uphold my values to protect individuals from being discriminated against. http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-15014823I think a pedophile and a murder would cause a barrier in the care setting I am working in. I have grown up knowing that they are bad from family, friends and the media. This may affect and hinder my work but as I am now aware of this negative point I need to work on this barrier. I can not make an assumption until I work and understand them, until then, I will try not to judge this group.New developments and changes to personal values can have a major impact on working in the Health and Social Care sector. Firstly a new development of mine is startle a new course I have met new people and got to know them. Working in different practices can impact work in a care setting, partnership can be developed and new skills can be gained. I have started a new placement in Ceara School, I am very excited to see if it is the right area of health and social care I want to do further studying in. I feel this experience can be very education and rewarding.This experience will help me in my future and will give me a good start. I can now see that it is the first time I have looking at my values thoroughly and reflected on them, Iwill challenge my values to become a better professional. I feel guest speakers were a new development of mine, they give me an insight into their organisation, and they also give me information on how I could get work experience.New developments and changes to my personal values can benefit the service user. I could reflect more in action rather than later, use communication more effectively and user my initiative in different situations.To conclude I believe that personal values is very significant in influencing my own work in the health and social care sector. I have found that my values are similar to the values of the Care Value Base and the Northern Ireland Social Care Council. I have found that there is legislation to protect individuals from unconfidentiality and anti-discriminatory practice also to promote dignity and respect, effective communication and culture and beliefs. I have also explored my new developments and what changes I could make to my personal values to create more effective and efficient care.

Business Torts Wk 2

commercial enterprise Torts Pearl leos University of Phoenix Buisness Law/ 531 Kelly Dickson June 10, 2010 Proposed bring throughs a companywhitethorn take to suspend tort indebtedness and litigation atomic number 18 vital to organizations. Proposed litigates a company may take to avoid product liability endangerment may be a way bulge show up of liability issues. Assessing methods for managing legal danger arising from domestic and international restrictive matters is the better(p) way to beat strain torts. an integral aspect of a melodic line liability practice is to take ongoing proactive measures through direct collaboration to avoid lawsuits before they are filed.Seeking advice from government authorities, specialists and guess- prudence consultants is a technique buinsess should rehearse. It is in every(prenominal) companys business interest to aloneot resources to identify risks and avoid descrepancies within the buisness (Parchomovsky, 2008). Business Tort s In order to develop methods to reduce or eliminate torts, risks select to be identified and tonicitys need to be taken. Proposing actions for a companyto avoid tort liability and litigation is a way to alimentation ahead of the game.A companymay take actions to avoid product liability risk such as identifying risk, risk management, analysis and risk control to avoid torts. Assessing methods for managing legal risk arising from domestic and international regulatory matters is vital. Employing risk and management principles w queasy not always prcase a businesses from being sued or from miserable loss but financial burdens can be significantly reduced. Identifying gamble An integral aspect of a business liability practice is to take ongoing proactive measures through direct collaboration to avoid lawsuits before they are ever filed.Not whole companies understand how to completely guard themselves of outside entities that come ill will and malice intent therefore it is valuab le to completely understand how to handle these circumstances. Such risks have an impact on a companys existing assets, earnings, and often, reputation. In the context of tort liability arising out of noncompliance of government regulations, it is in every companys business interest to allocate resources to identify those risks, and to implement action plans to avoid such risks.Assessing methods for managing legal risk arising from of domestic and international regulatory matters (Wilson, 2009). Regulatory risks and tort liability are nothing new to companies within the business world of todays society. Business members should be aware of specific goals, business needs, economics and the impact of say-so liability as rise as managing risk and risks associated with the failure to comply with a whole host of governmental regulations. In the event those risks do develop, the company needs to have system in roll to properly manage and withstand monetary and repetitional loss to the company.Additionally, companies will also benefit by anticipating what regulatory changes are upcoming kind of to ad fitting the business practices accordingly, thereby minimizing the exposure to tort liability arising out of noncompliance of regulations (Wilson, 2009). Risk counsel This may be as simple as continuing to operate as usual or as complicated as restructuring or abolishing an entire department. Risk IdentificationThe first step in the risk management process is to identify all potential losings facing a municipality. Risk denomination is an on going process that changes with each new situation.Risk identification, or exposure identification, requires the development of an inventory of all municipal operations, knowledge of the potential liabilities that may be imposed by either statute or common law, and knowledge of the worth of all municipal assets and sources of revenue. This step must include an evaluation of all potential events that world power adversely affec t the finances of a municipality. Contracts should be reviewed thoroughly, before being signed, to cover that the municipality is obtaining the best(p) deal possible.In some cases, risks can be transferred to the contracting party. Potential losses of income and extra expenses that a municipality might incur are two areas often overlooked in risk identification. (Parchomovsky, 2008). Other areas where risk management principles should be applied include vehicle usage, maintenance of property and facilities, public subprogram of facilities, use of independent contractors and consultants, personnel questions and personal injury and property injury exposure. All municipal activities should be evaluated and facilities inspected.Court decisions and principle that affect municipalities must be reviewed. Insurance and risk management publications should be studied for the latest training on loss avoidance. Attending courses on risk management may prove beneficial. The importance of th e military man element cannot be overemphasized when identifying risks. Asking employees and supervisors for their input because they are in the best position to identify risks. It is important to communicate with people in other municipalities who are involved in risk management that might have faced and solved a similar problem in the past.Obviously, a great cadence of guesswork is involved in risk identification, and some potential losses may be overlooked. However, by making a conscientious effort, the well-nigh common losses can be reduced or perhaps totally avoided (Marcus, 1986). Analysis The next step is to calculate the potential severity and frequency of losses facing the municipality in each of the identified risk areas. A review of the past experience of the municipality, as well as statistical information and probability analysis, is necessary. The impact of a particular risk on a municipality is difficult to determine.The use of statistics and probability analysis i nvolves guesswork. To determine where a municipality should concentrate its risk management efforts, the risk analysis should be performed carefully. Some risks may involve such a small criterion or probability of loss that the municipality will decide to simply absorb any losses which occur. The potential loss may be so large and difficult to avoid that insurance might be the only recourse (Marcus, 1986). Risk Control Once the risk areas are identified and analyzed, the next step is to eliminate, reduce or transfer the risk.Steps toward risk control are taken prior to suffering a loss, with the primary goal being loss prevention. However, when a loss cannot be prevented, risk control principles may answer reduce the financial liability suffered by a municipality. Elimination of a risk is the most desirable goal. If a municipality discovers a way to eliminate a risk, there is no need to fretting about its future effect or to insure against it but risks cannot always be eliminated . For instance, abolishing the police might will eliminate all loss exposure in that area, but in most cases, that action is not desirable.After an analysis, a municipality may decide to stop performing some activities or to transfer the risk to a private operator. If a risk cannot be eliminated, the next choice is to attempt to reduce the risk. Risk reduction primarily involves safety. Some common techniques for reducing risks include adoption of policies for, and proper training of, personnel, oddly for the police and fire protection services, and proper inspection and maintenance of equipment and facilities. Segregation of equipment may also help avoid the loss of all equipment at one time during a disaster such as a fire at a storage site (Gray, 2003).Steps Reducing Risk If the risk cannot be eliminated or reduced, two last options are available. First, if the risk is not large, a municipality may decide that the best option is to retain the risk and fund it itself. The munici pality must be aware of its financial hold in, its cash devolve and the availability of additional funds before deciding to assume a risk. Retaining the risk is the appropriate action in many cases. Studies have shown that municipalities retain far fewer risks than they are financially able to. By deciding to retain a risk rather than purchasing insurance, a municipality may save capital in the long run.Again, this decision can only be made after the financial condition of the municipality has been analyzed in detail (1964). Second, a municipality may be able to transfer the risk to other party. This does not always mean obtaining insurance. The most common form of risk transference is probably the hold-harmless agreement, in which a supplier or contractor agrees in the contract to assume risks for which the municipality would normally be creditworthy. Of course, the added be to the supplier or contractor of obtaining insurance or otherwise guarding against loss may be passed o n to the municipality.In such case, a municipality must calculate represents to determine if transferring the risk in this manner is the best option. In some instances, insurance remains the ultimate solution to a risk management problem. A municipality may want to retain some of the risk of an activity and transfer (1997). Identifying Risk Program underdeveloped a Risk Management Program on a practical level, is the first step in developing a municipal risk management plan to define the scope of the program. This definition should be in writing and should set out the objectives or reasons for establishing the program.Second, it is important to delineate the responsibilities of all persons involved in the risk management function. All persons engaged in identifying and analyzing the risk and implementing the risk management program should be included. Cooperation is one of the keys to successful risk management. Third, a municipality must develop a formal risk guardianship policy . Once the retention limits are established after a thorough survey of the financial faculty of the community, the working policy should be drawn up as a formal policy (Del,n. d).A municipality or board may want to form a safety committee which will be responsible for the conduct of a mandatory safety program for employees. This committee should recommend safety policies to be carried out by administrative personnel and should review all accidents and claims against the municipality. Most of fee accidents and claims are usually plunge to result from the performance of a relatively few activities. Concentrated efforts can be devoted to the study of procedures in these areas, thereby minimizing possible losses.The second principal duty of the committee should be that of inspection of municipal procedures and installations, concentrating the search on possible defects which might cause injury and liability. Finally, the committee should confer with insurance carriers and their repre sentatives for the cost of insurance coverage in areas where liability dangers are greatest (Del, n. d). Professional input and guidance catch necessary and a professional consultant is best suited to help a municipality determine what stairs should be taken to protect against torts. ConclusionRegulatory risks and tort liability are nothing new to companies within the business world of todays society. monitoring the risk environment in a structured way is vital. Looking at legal activity elsewhere and seeing how that might impact the business is a technique to use to avoid torts. There is a lack of awareness among employees about why their companies get sued. Its not just the boards responsibility but must be spread throughout the corporation. Other priorities compete for a workers time, so there needs to be mechanisms put in place to identify, monitor and address risks.Put in place a strong in house legal team with clear lines of responsibility and accountability. There are a numb er of cases that have escalated into litigation because of the failure of companies dealing with customers when they register a complaint. Capturing issues at the showtime and dealing with them, thereby avoids an escalation of problems and is the best way in tackling situations that pertain to protecting businesses agains torts.