Belfast Travellers: Services and Policies

capital of Northern Ireland Travellers Services and PoliciesCase Study capital of Northern Ireland TravellersThe case induce go throughs the purvey of accommodation and other services for the travel confederation in the Belfast bea over a 30 year magazine period. During this time umteen a(prenominal) diverse agencies, including the section of the Environment (DoE), the Belfast metropolis Council (BCC), the Northern Ireland Housing Executive (NIHE) and a takings of voluntary celestial sphere organizations, were complex in attempting to provide services to the travellers. This es state will examine the degree to which the travellers participated in specifying their needs and in designing policies to address them, and rival much(prenominal) consultation to different images of corporation menti bingled by Cornwall (2003). The concluding divide will evaluate the achiever, or otherwise, of such participation in delivering a sense of sanction and self-reliance to the travelling community.Although community development has been a strategy of both statutory and voluntary sectors in Northern Ireland (NI) for numerous years1, until relatively recently it does not seem to have been applied to the travelling community. This process works at a community take, through community groups and the ap saddlement of local community development workers who engage with the community to get a line needs, raise issues, and develop programmes to address those needs.2 Although this strategy was no question consciously applied to the particulari companyled community, on that point is little evidence of it be used before 1992 with the travelling community. For example, the initial issues for providing accommodation for the travellers touch on the planning of camping sites. At the Colin Glen site in that location were problems of overcrowding, compounded by the motility to the site of families unrelated to those already there, which caused conflict between the groups. A bestow factor to this deterioration was the lack of consultation with the travellers before moving additional families to the site. The entire site was even uptually aban dod3. Initially the BCC provided sites, but these were often seriously serviced and were built without proper consultation. Responsibility for providing accommodation for travellers was later moved to the NIHE, and travellers were consulted astir(predicate) which families would be housed in group living accommodations, developed through the use of housing associations.4 However, they were not active in the running of the housing associations.5 A tarradiddle from 1980 titled Services for Travelling People in NI, issued by the organise Committee for Social Problems, stated that the various(a) voluntary sector agencies involved with the travelling community entangle that they had effective policies, even though there had been no consultation with travellers.6 to a greater extent encouragingly, the Belfast Travellers Site Project (BTSP) was set up in 1985 with a committee consisting of 50% travellers and 50% colonised people. Its aims were to improve sites in Belfast and to have an input into policies regarding travellers in general.7 In 1992 BTSP initiated a number of community-based activities, and one of their most important initiatives was that travellers were employed to work as community workers in their own communities. This initiative seems to fall indoors Cornwalls description of invited participation.8 Amongst the successes of the community development approach, the committee felt it had contributed to an increase in the travellers sense of worth and the value of their particular purification.9The state also played its part in trying to develop an environment in which citizens could give input almost issues affecting them. More attention was given to a rights-based approach to development, and in 1998 the Northern Ireland valet de chambre Rights Commission was established, which gave the travellers an opportunity to make official complaints.10 This resonates with what the study guide has to say about the concept of citizenship 11 as well as with Cornwalls concept of an aware citizenry12Probably the most important improvement in the possibilities for participation came from the creation of An Munia Tober ((The Good Road) in 2005, from an amalgamation of a number of smaller community groups.Their objectives are to provide services and act as an advocate for travellers, as well as offering opportunities for travellers to be involved in their own development 13In general, the voluntary sector has been uniform in trying to encourage the travellers to share in decision reservation and to participate in the management of projects, and several agencies have included representatives from travellers. However, travellers keep mum flavor that there is insufficient consultation. Those that do participate often feel that their views are not gi ven due weight. For this reason, groups that work with travellers continue to advance their active participation, and try to uphold them to obtain the skills they need to contribute effectively. A proposed All Ireland study on Travellers, due to have started in 2007, intend to train travellers as researchers. The intention was not only to teach in the raw skills, but also to impart increased ownership, improve confidence, and thereby pore any inhibitions against forcefully arguing their case. 14The success or failure of the various interventions in obtaining participation from the travelling community, and thereby imbuing them with a sense of empowerment and self-reliance, is difficult to judge. Certainly, the failures to obtain input and participation resulted in notable disasters, such as at Colin Glen. The Traveller Movement (NI) concluded that there had been a policy failure of staggering proportions in the treatment of travellers in general.15 However, the success of the NI HE in accommodating over 50% of the travellers in group housing, consulting with them about which families to house together, demonstrates that a participative approach eject produce good results. The policies of the BTSP in employing travellers as community workers, and in involving greater numbers of travellers in educational and health related activities, have contributed to an improvement in their sense of worth. On balance, both the ban consequences of non-participation, and the positive results from consultative approaches, tend to indicate that participation does contribute to a sense of empowerment and self-reliance.BibliographyCourse BookCornwall, A. (2003) face back to move forward in Cornwall, A. Beneficiary, Consumer, Citizen Perspectives on Participation for indigence Reduction, Stockholm, SIDA.Le Mare, A (2006) Belfast travellers a case study of the provision of housing and services for the travelling community in Belfast vocalize Count With footnotes1065Without fo otnotes10061Footnotes1 Belfast Travellers, 2006 72 Belfast Travellers, 2006 73 Belfast Travellers, 2006 94 Belfast Travellers, 2006 105 Belfast Travellers, 2006 156 Belfast Travellers, 2006 117 Belfast Travellers, 2006 118 Cornwall, A. 2003 76-79 Belfast Travellers, 2006 12/1310 Belfast Travellers, 2006 1411 Course Book 6512 Cornwall, A. 2003 7613 Belfast Travellers, 2006 1614 Belfast Travellers, 2006 1715 Belfast Travellers, 2006 13Should The organisations Regulate The network?Should The regimens Regulate The net?In 20th centuries, number of net citizen is growing fast round the World. Survey conducted by lucre Usage Statistics shows that over twenty-five part of world population are internet users 11. Because of the internet popularizing trend, the importance of mesh censorship has also risen. As a result, I believe that the Internet should be regulated by the Governments.This article is going to discuss mainly three areas. They are companionable, economical and politic al. Exploring the advantages and disadvantages on implementing regulation on the Internet, by reviewing current situations between United States, china and Hong Kong, what regulation have been done on the Internet. I picked Hong Kong as my studied area, as it is my living place, it is prerequisite to be concerned. While Hong Kong is executing One Country Two System, my native land china, carrying out one system only, is also reviewed in this article. United States, which is claimed to be a model country of advocate peoples granting immunity, is chosen for comparison as a role of foreign country. There would be different aspects and outcomes of regulation the Internet within these three countries. Followed by, my reason on supporting Government should regulate the Internet.Firstly, I am going to discuss social issue. world health is one reason supporting regulation on the Internet. Nowadays, many pornography sites can be accessed easily by just clicking Im to a higher place 1 8.. Children would get sex and harmful learning from these sites easily without parent guidance. Thus, Internet control has become important to protect children. In United States, communications Decency Act (CDA), established in 1996, regulates on offensive and obscenity glut 23. For Hong Kong, there is also legality for obscene and force control. It is called Control of lewd and Indecent Articles Ordinance (Chapter 390) 14. According to South Sina News (2007), a Hong Kong netizen, Mr. Woo, was sentenced as he published obscene links on the Internet 13. When comparability to Chinese Government, they only have some agreements on Internet control, there is no a concrete law that the internet censorship should draws. Thus, internet censorship in chinaware is mainly held by filtering systems, or firewall. A common traping system in China would be jet Dam Youth Escort (Green Dam) 20. It is designed to filter illegal contents. explode from May, 2009, the software is required to pre-install in psycheal computers produced by China. The system protects children from violence and pornography.Problem of cyber-bullying is also one factor affecting public health. It causes mental harm to netizens. In America, Megan Taylor Meier was committed suicide because a friends mother, Lori force. She humiliated Megan. Drew created a male account named Josh Evans, and bully Megan on the Internet. by and by investigation, Lori Drew was caught. This is not the only case that would cause psychological harm. In Hong Kong, net citizens would post persons data on the internet when they think the person is misconducted. Privacy like phone numbers, address, on the job(p) place, etc., is exposed. Daily lives of many victims are badly affected. They are afraid to be recognized outside home. Tsui Yu Hin 5 is one of victims in Hong Kong. He was insulted by netizens pushing his pregnant girlfriend rectify elevator. Netizens setup a facebook group blaming his misbehavior. This af fair was interrupting Tsuis living, he kept receiving pitiful phone calls. Cyber-bullying would cause victims more depression, negative impact on working or academic performance, extreme violent behavior such as murder or committed suicide.To prevent cyber-bullying, American has established the Megan Meier Cyber-bullying stripe Act, this is one of the first cyber-bullying laws that protects children and adults from disturbs. This is a case that showing netizens are indispensable to take consequences for what they have done on the internet. I believe it is a good way to lighten the problem of cyber-bullying. Chinese and Hong Kong Government should follow the actions taken of U.S.Secondly, the economy issue is discussed. Foreign-invested enterprise, such as Google, Yahoo, Facebook, etc., that are widely-used, has emf to strengthen the links between countries and global economy. Businesses such as alert phones connecting Google, are being popular. Besides, companies can gain from owning the right of first publication. Protecting copyright would help providing a fair competition environment. As a result, Governments establish laws to burden infringing on Copyrights currently, including film industry, music industry, etc., mainly related to creative thinking. One law in United States, Anti-cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA) of 1999, 21, legislate the registration of subject field names with trademarks. Though Hong Kong does not have same law, there is other potential law for protecting rights of trademark owners. The Intellectual Property Department 7 is set up to handle copyright, designs, personal intellectual properties and trademarks. Rules correlated to peck Marks Ordinance, Patents Ordinance, and Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance are introduced to protect creativity and balance the interest of the right owners and society. CHAN Nai Ming, a Hong Kong citizen, was jailed as he uploaded Hollywood films onto the Internet, while it is violating the copyright. While in China, there is also copyright registry on the website of National Copyright Administration of the Peoples Republic of China 12. It is clear that regulating internet by the Government could be undecomposed to economy factor.Lastly, political issue is discussed. Sensitive contents, mainly related to righteousness and politics, are usually filtered. In United States, Foreign Intelligence management Act (FISA) was introduced on May 18, 1977. 22. It peg downs foreign governments, groups, or individuals (e.g. spies), that would cause planetary terrorism, and attacks. It prevents citizens to perform illegal activities. In China, filtering is required for protecting citizen from misconduct contents. MySpace China is one of the samples applied filtering. 2. Sensitive topics are filtered, for example, Taiwan independence. In MySpace China, there is an abused report function for users. Abused account would be block when found that the abuse is true. This could he lp catching illegal netizens. Chinese Government would even interfere in administration of company or limit individuals freedom. Huang Qi 1018, a website owner criticized the role of government in the educatee massacre June 4th 1989 in his website. Government considered his website content as illegal, as a result, Huang Qi was arrested on 3 June 2000, and facts stated on his website were blocked.In 2009, thousands of protesters took to the streets in Xinjiang Riot. Officials reported that protesters made use of Twitter/Facebook to gather themselves in Xinjiang Province. Many unauthorized postings on local sites and Google were limited by censors during and subsequently the riots.Based on BBC News, search engine Google was blocked by China 13. It was because China requested Google to filter controversial materials but Google denied. As a result, there is no Google.cn found on the internet. This shows that, when filtering or blocking is carried out, data transmission is limited. Th is would be beneficial to the Government. By controlling the access right, negative information about the government can be blocked.By looking at at the cases in China and America, they show that filtering and setting up laws can help protecting national security, keeping netizens away from acquire pique information. However, on the Internet users point of view, filtering would have an impact on getting updated news because filtering may block more than expected. Lots of useful information may be blocked. The regulation is far from perfect. Though there is such disadvantage, I believe internet should mollify be regulated by the government.When compared the level of internet censorship between Hong Kong and China, it is less strict in Hong Kong. Net citizens in Hong Kong have rooms to criticize the Government on the Internet, which would help monitoring the Government. When Hong Kong Government was introducing 2012 Act Now, net citizens were teasing by creating similar slogan and logo 2012 All Wrong. Though the censorship level is lower, there are still laws managing the disciplines on the internet. According to Ming Pao Newspaper (2008), netizen break the message Hong Kong will become a city of SARS 46. openhanded numbers of people were frightened and thus bought and stored rice bulkily. The netizen was sentenced Access to computer with criminal or dishonest intent 924. It shows that net citizens are still required to take responsibilities.To summarize, internet censorship would be beneficial on social, economical and political areas, protecting privacy and intelligence property, keeping social bon ton and public health. It is clear that Internet-censorship is necessary as Governments in different countries are already taking actions to control the Internet. Despite the advantages, in my point of view, Governments should regulate the Internet because it is more effective to carry out the disciplines from top-down strategy. Followed by, having the coopera tion from other roles, such as webmaster. To me, an effective regulation should extend to set up laws only. Citizens would know that he/she need to take consequence even on virtual world. Person violating laws would be arrested, where there is room for the freedom of speech on the Internet.In conclusion, regulation is beneficial on many aspects. It could help protecting privacy and intelligence property, keeping social order and public health. Though Internet censorship is a difficult confinement to perform, it is a necessary action taken.